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In the early economy of Egypt, cows were wealth. She was one of the most important deities in the Age of the Pyramids, and her popularity continued to the end of Egyptian civilization. She was the goddess of love, music, singing, and dance. As a motherly cow, she gave the king her divine milk, and protected him as a cow protects her calf. Her name means 'House of Horus." Her image could take the form of a cow, a woman with a cow's head, or a woman wearing the horns of a cow. Shown as a human man with a crown of plants, and heavy pendulous breasts and a paunch, he symbolized abundance and fertility.
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God of the annual Nile flood, the Inundation. He is often shown as a man reclining on the earth under a starry sky. God of Earth, grandson of Atum, husband of Nut. Her character and powers were absorbed by Hathor. Her face appears on the Narmer palette, showing an early association with kingship. From about three thousand, two hundred years ago, there are cartoon-like images of cats and mice engaged in human activities unfortunately we do not know the stories for these illustrations.Īncient goddess shown with the horns of a buffalo or cow. Cats do not appear as household pets during the Age of the Pyramids, though they were very popular animal companions in later times. There are disagreements among zoologists as to when these animals first began to live with humans along the Nile, and about which feline became the Egyptian pet. Bastet can be shown as a woman with a feline head. The cat's hunting instincts were honoured by the Ancient Egyptians, but so was the cat's gentler side as a warm and loving mother to her kittens. Babi is ferocious, even blood-thirsty, unlike the usually calm and reasonable Thoth who also appears as a baboon.Ĭats are very useful animals in a country that depends on grain. He can symbolize the setting sun.īabi is a deity shown in Baboon form, and it's from his name that we get our word for these animals. His name means 'the complete one.' Atum is usually shown as a king. Alone in Nun (nothingness) he created Shu and Tefnut, air and moisture. It may have given the Egyptians comfort to think of such an animal as guarding the cemeteries, protecting the dead. Sometimes dogs were buried with their masters. Dogs, as animal companions, were present in Egypt from the very beginning.
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The black colour also refers to the rich dark soil of Egypt, from which new growth came every year in similar manner, the dead would come to new life after burial. The black colour of Anubis is not natural to jackals or to the wild dogs of Egypt it may refer to the discoloration of a body after death and during mummification. Anubis can appear as either a black canine with long sharp ears, or as a man with a canine head. This jackal-headed god looked after the dead, and was in charge of the important task of mummification. Anty's name, which refers to his sharp claws, can also be read as Nemty. King Merenre's birth name, Anty-em-saf acknowledges ties between his mother's family and the areas where Anty was a major deity. He became associated with other hawk-gods, such as Sokar. He is shown as a hawk sitting on a crescent moon, or in a boat. Later in Egyptian history, he would become the main god of the empire.Īnty was a hawk god of Upper Egypt. His name means 'the hidden one' and he was a god of the atmosphere. The following section contains a survey of the more important animal manifestations of divine power.Īmun is mentioned in the Pyramid Texts, but was not a prominent god during the Age of the Pyramids. Her gift of milk, which could sustain a human child, became of symbol of love and sustenance. The cow's large eyes with long lashes, and her generally quiet demeanor suggested a gentle aspect of feminine beauty. A hawk, who soars high above the world of humans, seeming to expend no energy in his long hours aloft, and who - far seeing, -can swoop in an instant to capture his prey in sharp talons, became a symbol of kingship. A bull represented power, aggression, masculinity, fertility these could be the attributes of kingship. In the distant past, particular animals may have been chosen to embody, to stand for, the powers of a god. Egyptian gods can also appear in purely animal form, as Horus can be shown as a hawk.įrom the earliest times in Egypt, some deities were honoured or worshipped in the form of animals.
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But other gods, such as Horus, Thoth and Sakhmet, are usually shown with a human body and the head of a bird or an animal. Ptah of Memphis, for example, is usually shown as a man wrapped in mummy clothes, his hands outside the wrappings, grasping scepters. Some images of ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses show them as if they were humans.